基于UG的某电动三轮车车架有限元分析

在公司某款电动三轮车车架开发过程中引入有限元分析技术,应用UG NX10.0对电动三轮车车架在弯曲、制动、转弯三种典型工况下进行静态分析,并进一步对电动三轮车车架进行模态分析,分析结果对研发设计提供了理论依据,同时为后续车架改进设计提供了技术指导。     

发动机配气机构弹簧有限元分析

气门弹簧是发动机配气机构的重要组件之一,气门弹簧是否符合技术要求是发动机能否正常工作的关键。对弹簧进行强度、刚度、抗疲劳强度以及模态分析,分别采用耦合式有限元分析法和夹板式有限元分析法对弹簧进行了对比分析,发现弹簧内侧为弹簧的易疲劳区,弹簧的强度、刚度、抗疲劳强度满足技术要求,没有共振现象。研究还表明,夹板式有限元分析法比耦合式准确。     

微生物素在果蔬采后保鲜中的应用进展

微生物素在果蔬采后保鲜中有重要的应用价值,但目前实际应用在果蔬采后保鲜领域中的并不多。本文分析了目前已经应用到果蔬保鲜领域的微生物素种类,有乳酸链球菌肽、溶菌酶、木霉发酵液等,分析了其抑菌保鲜原理及研究现状;并结合微生物素的特点,提出了微生物素在未来果蔬采后保鲜中的发展趋势,即面对冷藏技术使用不完善的现象,可以开发利用更多的微生物素种类,如纳他霉素、红曲霉素、短梗霉多糖等,为今后果蔬采后保鲜领域的健康可持续发展提供参考。     

液下泵内部非定常流动及噪声特性

为研究液下泵内部流动的非定常特性及噪声规律,通过采用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS CFX15.0与LMS Virtual.lab声学仿真软件相结合的一种间接混合计算方法,对液下泵内部流场及其声场进行求解.在该计算方法中,对流场进行求解得到监测点的非定常压力脉动,从而获得非稳态的压力脉动频域特性规律;基于声学边界元法,对液下泵蜗壳偶极子内场噪声和叶片偶极子内场噪声进行求解,获得了边界元表面的声压级分布以及典型场点的声压频率曲线.计算结果表明:叶片扫掠过程中与蜗壳隔舌的相互作用产生较大的压力脉动,隔舌附近的噪声是流动噪声的主要噪声源;声压级在叶片通过频率及其谐频时达到极大值,随频率的增大,声压级极大值都呈现衰减状态.研究结果可为液下泵的后续降噪分析提供一定的理论基础.     

颗粒肥料离散元仿真摩擦因数标定方法研究

对分体圆筒法、倾斜法、抽板法和斜面法4种颗粒特性测试方法进行Plackett-Burman多因素显著性筛选试验,试验方差分析结果表明,不同的测试方法影响测量结果的显著因素与因素显著程度。根据分体圆筒法、倾斜法和斜面法的方差分析结果,提出一种基于颗粒物料整体特性的摩擦因数标定方法,将仿真试验与真实试验相结合,依次标定出尿素颗粒与PVC材料间静摩擦因数为0. 41,颗粒间静摩擦因数为0. 36,颗粒间滚动摩擦因数为0. 15。将所标定的摩擦因数采用无底圆筒法进行验证试验,休止角仿真试验结果为30. 57°,真实试验结果为31. 74°,相对误差为3. 69%,不同含水率下的实际试验休止角与所标定摩擦因数下的仿真休止角相对误差均不大于4. 59%,仿真试验结果与真实试验结果无显著差异,验证了所标定摩擦因数的有效性。本方法可用于其他颗粒状物料间摩擦因数的标定试验。     

堆垛车核心零件的参数化设计与有限元分析系统

为了提高堆垛车的设计效率,减少企业对设计研发新产品的投入及推进我国堆垛车的设计创新。以堆垛车核心零件为例,利用NX11.0为平台,VS2012为开发工具,结合NX二次开发技术开发了集参数化建模以及参数化有限元分析系统,实现了堆垛车零件的自动创建及自动分析。该系统大大提高了产品的设计效率和质量,为新产品的研发做好充分准备。     

Nutrient cycling and biomass flows in a low-quality forest stand improvement system in the Lesser Khingan Range of China

The material flow and bulk internal flow analyses were used to establish a material accumulation and cycling model for a low-quality forest stand improvement system and a series of processes were considered. The model was applied in a one-hectare low-quality forest plot in the Lesser Khingan Range of China. Results showed that during 1997–2007, the stands absorbed 270.19 kg of N, 74.28 kg of P, and 124.39 kg of K from soils, 51.82 kg of N and 2.38 kg of P were directly absorbed by foliage, and 16.25 kg of K was released to soils by eluviation. Until 2007, the accumulated nutrients in the stands included 236.91 kg of N, 65.28 kg of P, and 108.55 kg of K. When horizontal strip clearcutting was applied in 2007, 50% accumulated nutrients in the stands were shifted due to harvesting operations, and 212.74 kg of N, 26.97 kg of P, and 98.88 kg of K were accumulated in soils, declining by 9.47% for N, 3.68% for P, and 17.60% for K, respectively, compared with year 1997. 94.61 t per hectare of biomass was generated, of which the biomass in stands accounted for 87.36%. The felled tree biomass was 36.89 t per hectare, of which 84.90% and 10.03% of biomass were utilized in terms of logs and other means, and the rest was left on site.     

青饲料收获机切碎辊刀具的优化设计及试验

青饲料收获机切碎辊刀具的设计直接影响秸秆的切割质量。刀具与秸秆接触时的受力分析表明，切割力与秸秆的压应力有关，而压应力不仅与秸秆物理特性有关，也与刀刃的倾斜角有关。利用Ansys-Workbench有限元软件进行仿真分析，结果表明,当刀具材料为65Mn、刀具厚度为8 mm、刀尖倾斜角度为30°时，刀具的等效应力最小。以秸秆层厚度、刀具倾斜角、秸秆含水率为试验因素，以切割装置切割秸秆时的扭矩值为试验指标，通过正交试验及交互作用分析，确定了因素对指标影响的主次关系为：A2>C2>B2>A>BC>AC>C>B，当秸秆层厚度7.5 cm、刀具倾斜角度35°、秸秆含水率35%时，刀辊扭矩值最小。验证试验结果表明选取的较优参数组合真实可行。该研究为新型刀具及防堵刀辊的机理研究提供了理论和试验借鉴。     

Otolith elemental characteristics of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) from brackish waters of the Gulf of Bothnia,Baltic Sea

To investigate whether European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) groups in the brackish (≤7%) Gulf of Bothnia (Baltic Sea) express specific otolith elemental characteristics, concentrations of elements (Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Mn, Fe) in whole otoliths were studied by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry. Whitefish (N = 67) were sampled from six different latitudinal sites; four in the sea and two in rivers along the west coast of Finland, and from a fresh water lake for comparison. The concentration of several elements showed significant differences among sampling sites. Otolith Ba concentrations were higher at the northern sampling sites compared to the southern ones, thereby showing negative association to capture‐habitat salinity. In contrast, otolith Sr and Zn concentrations were lower at the northern sampling sites, thereby associating positively to capture‐habitat salinity. Otolith Mn concentrations did not associate with latitude or salinity but markedly varied between sampling sites. Elevated Fe concentrations occurred in fish otoliths from the two northernmost sites. Ca concentrations were at the same levels in otoliths from all whitefish samples. Otoliths of whitefish from the lake had very high Ba and low Sr concentrations compared to concentrations in otoliths from whitefish in the sea and rivers. Our results show that otolith elemental characteristics of whitefish vary considerably at various geographic scales showing high potential for population identification using elemental fingerprints. Analysis of otolith elemental characteristics may therefore provide an efficient tool for the identification of main areas of residence, spawning locations, and migration routes, thus contributing towards the sustainable management of whitefish stocks.     

基于深度学习的大豆生长期叶片缺素症状检测方法

为了检测作物叶片缺素,提出了一种基于神经网络的大豆叶片缺素视觉检测方法。在对大豆缺素叶片进行特征分析后,采用深度学习技术,利用Mask R-CNN模型对固定摄像头采集的叶片图像进行分割,以去除背景特征,并利用VGG16模型进行缺素分类。首先通过摄像头采集水培大豆叶片图像,对大豆叶片图像进行人工标记,建立大豆叶片图像分割任务的训练集和测试集,通过预训练确定模型的初始参数,并使用较低的学习率训练Mask RCNN模型,训练后的模型在测试集上对背景遮挡的大豆单叶片和多叶片分割的马修斯相关系数分别达到了0.847和0.788。通过预训练确定模型的初始参数,使用训练全连接层的方法训练VGG16模型,训练的模型在测试集上的分类准确率为89.42%。通过将特征明显的叶片归类为两类缺氮特征和4类缺磷特征,分析讨论了模型的不足之处。本文算法检测一幅100万像素的图像平均运行时间为0.8 s,且对复杂背景下大豆叶片缺素分类有较好的检测效果,可为农业自动化生产中植株缺素情况估计提供技术支持。